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Assessing and Reducing Plug and Process Loads in Commercial Office and Retail Buildings

November 2011

Plug and process loads in commercial buildings account for 5% of U.S. primary energy consumption. Minimizing these loads is a primary challenge in the design and operation of an energy-efficient building.

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Assessing and Reducing Plug and Process Loads in Office Buildings

April 2013

Plug and process loads (PPLs) in commercial buildings account for almost 5% of U.S. primary energy consumption. Minimizing these loads is a primary challenge in the design and operation of an energy-efficient building. PPLs are not related to general lighting, heating, ventilation, cooling, and water heating, and typically do not provide comfort to the occupants. They use an increasingly large fraction of the building energy use pie because the number and variety of electrical devices have increased along with building system efficiency. Reducing PPLs is difficult because energy efficiency opportunities and the equipment needed to address PPL energy use in office spaces are poorly understood.

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Building a Better Data Center

March 2011

This presentation decribes how building an energy-efficient data center can improve a business's bottom line.

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Data Center Redesign Yields an 80% Plus Reduction in Energy Usage

August 2010

This case study describes the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) data center as a showcase of energy efficiency. Most of what NREL has done can be replicated by clients; however, two design approaches are climate-dependent: near-full reliance on outside air for cooling, and photovoltaic arrays for power.

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Department of Energy Laboratories: Leadership in Green IT

August 2011

This document highlights the key accomplishments in Green IT of the 17 DOE labs.

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Energy Use Intensity and its Influence on the Integrated Daylighting Design of a Large Net Zero Energy Building

February 2011

Low energy or high-performance buildings form a vital component in the sustainable future of building design and construction. Rigorous integrated daylighting design and simulation will be critical to their success as energy efficiency becomes a requirement, because electric lighting usually represents a large fraction of the energy consumed. We present the process and tools used to design the lighting systems in the newest building at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the Research Support Facility (RSF). Daylighting had to be integrated with the electric lighting, as low energy use (50% below ASHRAE 90.1-2004) and the LEED daylight credit were contractually required, with a reach goal of being a net-zero energy building (NZEB). The oft-ignored disconnect between lighting simulation and whole-building energy use simulation had to be addressed, as ultimately all simulation efforts had to translate to energy use intensity predictions, design responses, and preconstruction substantiation of the design. We present preliminary data from the postoccupancy monitoring efforts with an eye toward the current efficacy of energy and lighting simulation methodologies.

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Highly Energy-Efficient Data Center Incorporated in New Research Support Facility

December 2010

In typical computer centers you can feel the energy consumption from racks of servers radiating heat, while icy air blows through the room to cool them. NREL’s fully contained hot and cold aisle data center configuration minimizes this problem. The configuration includes effective air-side economizer cooling with an evaporative boost when needed.

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Information Technology Settings and Strategies for Energy Savings in Commercial Buildings

December 2011

Conventional information technology (IT) equipment and data center spaces can consume more than 100 times the energy of standard office spaces, so the potential for energy savings is huge. You can use this application guide to reduce your equipment energy consumption in any building with a data center, server closets, or other IT equipment (computers, printers, etc.). Some of these strategies are most effective at the beginning of the design process; others can be implemented at any time and be sequenced as part of the normal procurement and replacement schedule.

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Integrated Design Team Guide to Realizing Over 75% Lighting Energy Savings in High-Performance Office Buildings

November 2013

This checklist packet is a team-focused guide to realizing energy savings in high-performance office buildings through carefully considered lighting and control design. The checklists should be distributed among the integrated project team, including the owner, lighting designer and engineer, commissioning agent, and facility manager, at the beginning of a project and referred to regularly during design meetings and drawing reviews.

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NREL Research Support Facility: Data Center Case Study

June 2012

An energy-efficient data center includes targets for its power usage effectiveness (<1.2) and energy resource efficiency (< 0.9). It should be designed with hot isle–cold isle separation, use free cooling (economizer) and evaporative cooling when available, minimize fan energy, and use the most energy-efficient equipment possible.

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